Business in greenhouses which is more profitable to grow. Greenhouse business plan. Permissions to open

Unlike a greenhouse, the size and heating system make it possible to organize the entire cycle of growing a particular crop. Inside the greenhouses, the outgoing heat from the sun and heating pipes warms the plants and the soil. The air heated from the inner surface is kept inside the structure by the roof and walls.

Profitability Example

It happens that the profitability of the greenhouse business reaches 50% or more. In the video below, for a greenhouse flower farmer, the following numbers are given:

Investment amount - 1,500,000 rubles;
Area - 220 sq. m.;
Production capacity - 50,000 pieces of flowers;
Business payback - 2 years;
Profitability of greenhouse economy - 50%.

On greenery, the profitability of the farm can reach even higher rates, especially the dill business.

Risks

Along with a good payback, this business also has high risks due to the fact that plants do not forgive mistakes. This is not just a production where products can be easily and quickly remade. In the agricultural business, a mistake can lead to a complete loss of the crop and this cannot be fixed in a couple of days. To correct it, you will have to wait for a new crop, which can be obtained only after many weeks and months. Therefore, it is advisable for novice farmers from scratch to start with a small farm, even at home. With a small scale, you can gain experience, thanks to which you can then develop your business to a large greenhouse complex.

The main crops in the greenhouse business

Basically, farmers grow the following crops:

Vegetables: tomatoes, cucumbers, radishes and peppers. Tomatoes and cucumbers are the most popular vegetables grown in greenhouses.
Greens and herbs: parsley, dill, green onion, basil, mint, rosemary, sage. The first three of them are popular everywhere and the most cost-effective for the greenhouse business.
Salads: Romano, Chinese, lettuce, sorrel, celery, spinach, arugula, corn.
Mushrooms. Oyster mushrooms are often grown in greenhouses. However, mushrooms do not require much light, and sometimes it is even destructive, therefore, for example, for the same oyster mushrooms in greenhouses, the light level is lowered.
Flowers: roses, tulips, lilies, orchids, carnations ... Read more about this article about.
seedlings for sale. Vegetables are mainly grown for seedlings.

Video of what a farm specializing in mushrooms looks like:

Beneficial insects for greenhouses

For the prevention of diseases and pest control in the greenhouse business, beneficial insects are used. To control pests in greenhouses, entomophagous mites are used. During the day, one female of such ticks destroys up to 5 thrips or up to 15 whitefly larvae.

Phytoseiulus persimilis(Phytoseiulus persimilis) - destroys various types of ticks.
Amblyseius Andersoni(Neoseiulus (Amblyseius) Andersoni) - first focuses on various types of mites, then begins to feed on young thrips larvae, fungi, pollen and secretions.
Amblyseius californicus(Neoseiulus (Amblyseius) californicus) - the main purpose is to prevent certain types of ticks (cyclamen, carmine, spider and others). In their absence, it begins to feed on thrips, various small insects and plant pollen.
Amblyseius koukumeris(Neoseiulus (Amblyseius) cucumeris) - used to control thrips, especially tobacco and western flower thrips, as well as to protect crops from mites of the Tarsonemidae family.
Amblyseius degenerance(Neoseiulus (Amblyseius) degenerans) and Amblyseius swirskii - focuses on whitefly eggs and larvae, and then switches to young thrips larvae or small insects.

For pollination of crops grown indoors, greenhouse farms use bumblebee colonies. The use of bumblebees helps to increase the yield by 30% without the use of any chemical fertilizers. They do not bite and do not require special care. When using bumblebees, the probability of plant pollination increases up to 100%, which helps to increase not only the yield, but also its quality. For greenhouses up to 100 sq. m2 is enough for one family.

Bumblebee families are sold in similar boxes

All these insects are freely sold on the Internet or any specialized company.

Greenhouses for industrial use

In the greenhouse business, special industrial greenhouses are used, which make it possible to get an unprecedentedly rich harvest in a relatively small area. The quality and quantity of products does not depend on the influence of external factors, which makes this business more and more popular and in demand, especially in the northern regions of the country.

More and more farms have appreciated the benefits and prefer the greenhouse method of growing, which significantly increases the profitability of the business.

Features and distinctive features of an industrial greenhouse

Distinctive features:

Much larger than normal.
The use of special heating systems, thanks to which it is possible to achieve a rich harvest several times a year and reduce downtime.
They have a much larger area than usual.
The building is of considerable height.
Designs with several tiers, floors are allowed.
In difficult climatic conditions, capital building materials are used as the main material for the construction of a greenhouse.
A combination of artificial and natural light sources.
Use of electronic tracking systems, sensors.

The most technically equipped greenhouses are located in the greenhouse farms of Holland. They are autonomous covered fields. Sometimes the area of such greenhouse structures exceeds a couple of thousand square meters.

An example of a robotic greenhouse in Tyumen:

For growing vegetable and berry crops, not only the standard soil method is used, but also innovative methods, such as hydroponics. The essence of hydroponics is that the root part of the plant is not in the soil, but in an enriched artificially created substance, where moisture and fertilizers are supplied. Thanks to this method, as well as a balanced supply of nutrients, greenhouse farms in Holland collect enormous yields that cannot be obtained with conventional cultivation on the soil.

Entire concerns are engaged in the development and production of innovative equipment for equipping such greenhouse complexes. Such business equipment is responsible for heating, water supply and climate control in the greenhouse.

In such complexes, a multi-level heating system is implemented. Floor heating is installed. Special equipment synthesizes and supplies carbon dioxide, which is an indispensable compound in the life of plants, to a closed complex.

Dutch manufacturers of greenhouses and equipment have proven themselves from the best side and are engaged in deliveries all over the world.

Domestic manufacturers of greenhouse complexes quickly adopt the innovative achievements of foreign colleagues and easily implement them. At the same time, our products for business are much cheaper than imported ones. In its production, the climatic features of our region, generally accepted building codes are taken into account and, accordingly, all equipment undergoes adaptive revision.

In modern greenhouses of a domestic manufacturer for greenhouse farms, it has become possible to grow plants using racks, suspension systems, when plants are arranged in several tiers. Such complexes use an artificial light source. Thanks to this, the business becomes year-round, because you can get equally rich harvests regardless of the time of year, as well as the climate zone.

Production models

Manufacturers of this type of product for small businesses and private households have developed and introduced into production the most popular and sought-after models of greenhouses. Such structures can be divided into several subspecies:

tunnel type;
multi-tunnel, equipped with an additional gallery;
block, having several spans;
garden centers.

All complexes are developed and produced taking into account domestic generally accepted building standards.

Medium-sized greenhouse farms, as well as private owners of small plots of land, give their preference to tunnel-type greenhouses.

Industrial complexes can have different coverage:

film;
polycarbonate.

A frame made of various materials and various shapes can be used:

arch type;
Gothic form;
upright walls;
upright walls, reinforced additionally.

The width of such structures can vary from 3.5 to 12 meters, depending on the size of the farm where it will be used.

Greenhouses of the Farmer series

This type of construction is intended for growing vegetable, berry crops, seedlings on an industrial scale in greenhouses.

Distinctive features of the "Farmer" series for business:

the framework is made of a strong profile (galvanized). Bolts are used as fasteners;
the arcs are fastened with beams for strength;
the shape of such a greenhouse can be arched or gothic;
the height of the complex reaches 4 meters;
width varies in the range of 3.5-7.7 meters;
the kit includes swing gates, which are easily installed on the end of the structure;
at the request of the customer, manufacturers can install windows for ventilation;
polycarbonate is used as a coating, which has a honeycomb structure with good light transmission. At the request of the customer, polycarbonate having a different thickness can be used. The choice of thickness depends on the area of the entire complex, on the wind load in the region where the greenhouse is installed, etc. Fastening of polycarbonate is carried out using polyskrepa (fastening sheets together) and brackets (fastening directly to the frame).

This complex allows greenhouse farms to do business, regardless of their growth and season.

The convenience of the "Farmer" also lies in the fact that the structure can be installed both on the foundation and on open ground (if it is possible to dig in the support posts).

Building a greenhouse from scratch

Choosing the optimal location

To get the maximum possible yield in the greenhouse business and at the same time save energy resources, it is necessary to correctly position the structure relative to the cardinal points. For example, for the southern regions of the country, the optimal location of the greenhouse is strictly from north to south. For the northern regions - from west to east.

Criteria for site selection:

The place of the future greenhouse should be perfectly flat.
If there is an increased wind load in the region, it is imperative to provide for the construction of structures that are aimed at reducing wind speed (shields, fences, etc.). Such complexes will provide protection from snow drifts.
Provide for the drainage of water, which can accumulate during precipitation and cause irreversible negative processes (destruction of the foundation, corrosion, development of pathogenic bacteria, fungi).
Provide for the possibility of artificial water supply to the greenhouse complex.
Is it possible to conduct electricity to the complex.
Check the soil for its fertility, additionally use special mixtures, fertilizers, etc.

All these points need to be thought out and planned so that in the future, during operation, there are no difficulties.

Criteria for selecting a greenhouse project

Before ordering a drawing project for a greenhouse, it is necessary to decide what specific crops will be grown in it, what requirements it must meet. Such a greenhouse structure is being built for many years, and it is better to entrust such work as drafting a project, construction to professionals with experience in this business area.

Such organizations will offer greenhouse farms ready-made projects that meet their requirements. It is much cheaper than developing a project from scratch. You can buy a ready-made model from almost all manufacturers and assemble it at the selected site.

Foundation

In order for an industrial greenhouse to function for many years, it must be installed on a pre-prepared foundation.

The advantage of using it:

fixing the entire structure;
minimizing the penetration of excess moisture;
weeds do not enter the greenhouse.

The material from which the foundation can be made:

Greenhouses are medium in size - piles, blocks, tiles, bricks.
Large-sized structures - concrete, timber.

Frame features

Industrial greenhouses for business, having a large area, are made in the form of an arch or have a gable shape. Such structures provide the highest possible strength and stability for overall greenhouse structures with several tiers.

The frame is made from the following types of material:

hat profile. A distinctive feature is the simplicity and speed of installation. But it must be borne in mind that the structure may collapse due to the accumulation of snow;
Profile pipe. During installation, welding can be used, which greatly speeds up the process and helps to withstand the accumulation of snow;
corner. Fasten together with bolts. The corner additionally undergoes anti-corrosion treatment. Withstands large snow loads.

The frame must be fixed to a pre-prepared foundation, in which anchors or studs are mounted. This will give additional strength and stability to the entire structure. Minimizes loosening.

What covering material to choose?

The following types are used as covering material in greenhouses:

Cellular polycarbonate

The most commonly used material for industrial greenhouses.

Its advantages for the greenhouse business:

ease of installation. Its installation does not require special skills and expensive equipment;
wear resistance, reliability;
resistant to mechanical damage, shock.
has good light transmission ability;
available in various thicknesses. You can choose the best option for a particular object.

Glass

Advantages of glass as a covering material:

good light transmission ability;
some types of glass have increased strength indicators (for example, greenhouse glass);
Possibility to order glass, which will be cast into molds of a certain size. This significantly increases its strength.

Polyethylene film

As a covering material, film has been used for many years. This is facilitated by its low cost and good light transmission abilities. But it has a number of significant drawbacks:

in the process of fastening, the material often breaks and loses its shape;
deformed under the influence of wind (stretched, torn);
in some cases, it needs to be changed annually (for example, in regions with increased wind load).

Heating and heating of the greenhouse

Boilers (solid fuel, gas, etc.) can be used as a source of heat for heating at low temperatures in greenhouses. They heat the water that circulates through the piping system, transfers heat to the radiators. This gives heating, both the soil itself and the air masses.

Electric heaters can be used as additional heating. But they do not warm the soil, and the temperature drops quickly after they are turned off. Also, such heat sources are energy-intensive and costly for business.

Modern greenhouses in their complexes use infrared radiation. Such heaters can be installed under the ceiling and imitate solar heat when the soil warms up, the plants themselves, and only then the air. This heat source mimics natural sunlight. Plants under an infrared heater give rich harvests even in winter. But such a system is very expensive for the business, both in installation and maintenance.

Often, various soil heating systems are used.

Regulations and GOSTs

Standard for vegetables, fruits and herbs:

GOST R 57976-2017: Fresh fruits and vegetables. Terms and Definitions.

Color standards:

GOST 18908.1-2019 Cut flowers. Roses. Specifications
GOST 18908.2-2019 Cut flowers. Chrysanthemums. Specifications
GOST 18908.4-2019 Cut flowers. Carnation pattern. Specifications
GOST 18908.7-2019 Cut flowers. Tulips. Specifications
GOST 18908.8-2019 Cut flowers. Gerbera. Specifications
GOST 18908.3-73 Cut flowers. Carnation repair. Specifications
GOST 18908.5-73 Cut flowers. Peonies. Specifications
GOST 18908.6-73 Cut flowers. Asters. Specifications
GOST 18908.9-73 Cut flowers. Daffodils. Specifications
GOST 18908.10-73 Cut flowers. Gladiolus. Specifications
GOST 18908.11-81 Cut flowers. Callas. Specifications
GOST 18908.12-81 Cut flowers. Lilies. Specifications
GOST 18908.13-81 Cut flowers. Hippeastrums. Specifications
GOST 20453-90 Flowering pot flowers. Implementation Requirements

In addition, the agricultural tax is the most beneficial in comparison with other taxation regimes. It is 6% of income, and losses from previous periods can be written off as payment. A farm can be organized even by one family member on his own behalf. If the rest will act as members of the peasant farm, then they will have to pay contributions for pension insurance.

The greenhouse business is available to anyone with the appropriate skills and desire. The owner of his own personal plot has special advantages. Before taking action, you need to understand the following nuances:

what kind of crop is profitable to grow,
choose a place for the location of greenhouses,
determine materials for construction,
decide in what soil and under what conditions the planting will be carried out,
define the market
choose the legal form for registration,
create a business plan.

So, let's go over the main points in details.

Growing greens in a greenhouse

Financial investment is what starts a greenhouse business. Even if you have your own area for growing, you will have to buy all the necessary materials for the farm. Usually you have to invest in:

purchase or lease of land,
purchase of materials for the construction of a greenhouse, inventory and culture,
business registration.

What to grow?

In a temperate and southern climate, it is beneficial to grow the following types of plants:

berries,
greenery,
vegetables,
flowers.

You can choose a specific culture based on the following factors:

Climate. In colder regions, a lot of money is spent on heating. In this case, it is recommended to choose less heat-loving crops.
Competition. The success of sales will be influenced by the availability of the same product from entrepreneurs in the neighborhood. It is necessary to analyze the situation and stop at the culture with the smallest proposals.
Demand. There must be a high demand for the selected products. It should be borne in mind that in summer and early autumn the profitability of greenhouses decreases due to the abundance of ground plants.
Capital. To start a business without initial investment, it is better to give preference to growing greens. After the accumulation of funds, you can switch to other crops. The highest profitability is the cultivation of flowers.

You can select several crops at once to avoid a period of idle soil. But for this it is necessary to carefully study the permissible predecessors and take into account the neighborhood to increase productivity.

Where to place greenhouses?

Greenhouse farming as a business begins with finding a place for a greenhouse. It must be located near settlements. Otherwise, fuel costs will increase the cost of the crop. The site should have good access at any time of the year.

Growing plants in a greenhouse is impossible without electricity and running water, so the chosen place must be connected to communications. The use of tap water is allowed, but the cultivation of any crops requires frequent and plentiful watering. Therefore, to reduce costs, it is better to use liquid from an open reservoir. It must be periodically taken to the laboratory for analysis in order to control the chemical composition.

Areas with a significant slope or subject to flooding are excluded. There should not be large trees and buildings near the greenhouses, as they will shade it. But being at a short distance on the north side of the forest belt or solid fences will protect from the wind, which will significantly save electricity.

The soil on the site must be fertile, since planting plants in bad soil does not make sense. The purchase of soil separately requires certain costs, which reduces the profitability of the greenhouse business.

What material to choose for the greenhouse?

The choice of material for the manufacture of a greenhouse is an important point, since the size of the crop depends on it. The following characteristics are taken into account here:

light transmission,
life time,
ease of operation.

Today, the following covering materials are used in the construction of greenhouse structures:

Polyethylene film. It is more profitable to start a greenhouse business at home with it, as it has a low cost. Polyethylene film can last for several seasons, but then the coating must be re-coated. If installed incorrectly, it can be torn by wind, and constant condensation requires proper ventilation. In addition to the standard polyethylene film, reinforced, pimply, PVC and other varieties are now offered. Each of them is superior to the usual version in terms of performance and cost.
Glass. This material, before the advent of competitors, was very popular due to its durability and transparency. Due to the high price, installation complexity and fragility, other materials are now more often chosen.
Cellular polycarbonate. It has all the properties of an ideal covering material. The only negative is the cost, which makes it inaccessible to a novice businessman.

How to create optimal growing conditions?

All conditions for year-round cultivation of crops should be created in greenhouses. For a high yield, each parameter must be properly organized.

Ventilation. In small greenhouses, a door and a window on the opposite wall can cope with this task. In buildings of medium and large size, hatches are used. The mechanism for opening the ventilation holes can be either manual or automatic. In greenhouses with a large area, the operation of fans is allowed.
Shading. In the southern regions, greenhouse farming as a business requires the creation of conditions to eliminate overheating. They are achieved by closing the greenhouse inside or outside, as well as coating the covering material with an opaque compound.
Heating. To heat winter greenhouses, it is necessary to think over the heating system. Gas is convenient and effective for this purpose, but it costs a lot of money and dries out the air. Stove heating does not require communications, but it heats the room unevenly. During its use, care must be taken that carbon monoxide does not leak into the greenhouse. Electrical appliances are characterized by low fire safety. A thermal cable is more preferable, as it evenly warms the soil. This favorably affects the growth rate of plants and the size of the yield. Infrared ceiling heaters emit energy similar to that of sunlight. All cultures tolerate their effects well.
Lighting. Winter greenhouses for business should be provided with additional lighting. In the cold season, plants need only a few hours a day. The most energy-saving options are fluorescent, LED and phyto lamps. All of them have a good effect on crops, but only white luminescent products have a relatively low cost.
Watering. In small greenhouses, watering is carried out manually using a bucket or watering can. Watering plants on your own in larger buildings is inconvenient. Drip irrigation is the most common. It can be adapted to any source of moisture.
Tools. To care for crops, you need to purchase equipment (shovels, wheelbarrows, buckets, boxes, etc.). Many devices are required for seedlings. It is more economical to use improvised materials, such as plastic bottles or milk bags. For tall plants, it is necessary to consider support tools and garter materials.

How to prepare the soil?

After the completion of construction work and the installation of all equipment, the greenhouse business requires soil preparation. Plants can be grown in the following ways:

on standard ridges,
on the raised ridges,
in hanging pots.

It is more convenient to use ridges raised by 50-70 cm. The interlayer can be pipes with heat carriers, biological fuel or electric cables.
Soil preparation must be carried out in accordance with the agricultural technology of the selected crop. It is impossible to act at random, therefore, the technology of growing a plant must be thoroughly studied. Otherwise, all the work will be in vain.

How to register a business?

At first, it is not necessary to register a greenhouse business from scratch on your site. To own a personal subsidiary farm, it is enough to take a certificate from the local administration stating that the property has a plot and crops are grown on it. When the business starts to develop, you will have to deal with the design. Consumers like to cooperate within the law, in order to get around competitors, they will have to follow the rules. There are two forms of registration of a greenhouse business, depending on its size:

Medium greenhouse- this is the presence of a large number of greenhouses that are served by one family. It is registered with the territorial tax service as a peasant farming. All family members will have ownership rights. You do not have to register an individual entrepreneur, but the presence of PSRN and TIN is mandatory. To obtain a KFH certificate, it is necessary to collect a number of documents. When this issue is settled, registration with other regulatory authorities takes place. Then a current account is opened and, if necessary, a seal is made.
Large greenhouse farm- the main difference from the average is that it contains hired workers. Such a business can be registered in the form of LLC or IP. The first option is more expensive and has uncomfortable conditions. Registration of IP occurs in a standard way by collecting the necessary papers.

We draw up a business plan for a greenhouse

When writing a business plan, you need to take into account all aspects. The resulting document should include the following sections:

review,
company information,
service description,
market analysis,
production plan,
implementation plan,
calculation of costs and revenues.

As a rule, the profitability of a greenhouse as a business is 15-40%. The final figure depends on competition and demand for the selected crop. Usually full payback occurs in two years.

Where to sell the harvested crop?

The winter greenhouse as a business has been set up and the first harvest has been received, now it is necessary to organize sales. You can engage in self-sale at a rented trading place or start cooperation directly with small traders and supermarkets.

Many consumers are wary of purchasing foreign berries and vegetables. Therefore, entrepreneurs prefer natural local products. This is the advantage of the greenhouse business.
Each region has its own characteristics that must be taken into account during planning. The location of the greenhouse is chosen very carefully. Poor choice of area and improper construction of buildings can make a business unprofitable. Compliance with agricultural technology will allow you to get the highest possible yield. You will have to make a lot of physical effort, but in the future all efforts will be rewarded.

Greenhouse farming is a stable business.

What will people buy in any crisis? The answer is simple - food. And if almost everyone starts saving on delicacies sooner or later, then vegetables, fruits and greens are well sold all year round. That is why greenhouse farming as a business — profitable and promising undertaking. Absolutely anyone can do it, including those far from agriculture. The main thing is the ability to effectively build a business, solve emerging problems and not be lazy.

Who can do this kind of business

There are no restrictions - it can be anyone. But the agricultural and greenhouse business has its own nuances. You must understand that you will have to devote a lot of time to plants or hire specially trained people.

A small greenhouse can be built even in the yard

In the case of equipping a “home” greenhouse, it is necessary:

Ventilate your greenhouse at least once a day to avoid overheating and effectively remove excess moisture.
Take temperature and humidity measurements regularly to adjust fertilization and watering.
Make sure that the structure is not damaged by wind, hail, snow in winter.
Spray plants regularly against pests and diseases.
Weed the earth from weeds, thin out plants.
Handle harvesting and marketing.

Note: the ideal option is the location of the greenhouse near the house. The business of growing vegetables and herbs is more suitable for residents of the private sector than for residents of the metropolis.

Where is it profitable to engage in greenhouse farming

The answer is simple - where the cost of its maintenance will be minimal. In the southern and western regions of Russia, the temperature is quite high - this allows you to grow vegetables and fruits without creating a full-fledged heating system. A long southern daylight hours will save on lighting and speed up the process of plant growth.

It has been proven that it is easier to bring vegetables from the south than to create the necessary conditions for growing and spend resources on heating greenhouses. It is possible to grow vegetables in Siberia, but their cost will be much higher than imported ones. But the composition of the soil practically does not affect the greenhouse business.

Keep in mind that you cannot choose a site in an open field for a greenhouse - you will need to supply electricity to it, provide high-quality entrances.

Organization of heating and drip irrigation in the greenhouse

A greenhouse as a business pays for itself well on its own summer cottage or residential area. Why? There are several reasons:

You will not need to pay rent.
You will be constantly present near the greenhouse.
You can connect the greenhouse to the mains.
The entrances to your house are probably already established.
A home business is easier to run than an industrial one.

Another important reason is the possibility of breaking the contract with the landlord. Situations often arise when the owner of the land, seeing that a new business is successfully operating on his site, begins to demand an increase in the amount of rent or refuses to lease the land at all, deciding to “take over” the business for himself. This issue is regulated by article No. 46 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation. The tenant may legally terminate or change the terms of the agreement due to:

Decrease (actual or apparent) level of soil fertility.
Damage to the land, its irrational use.
Environmental degradation.
Lack of recultivation or actions aimed at soil protection.

That is, in fact, the landlord can almost always freely terminate the contract. Therefore, either create a greenhouse on your land, or work with those who are guaranteed not to take your land away after a couple of years of successful work.

How to build a greenhouse

There are two options here:

Order a ready-made greenhouse according to the given dimensions. This option is the fastest and easiest - a trained team will assemble even a large structure in 3-4 days and you can start growing.
Assemble the greenhouse yourself. This option will cost you less, but you will need to spend time on calculations, studying information and the work itself.

Note: You do not need any permits to build a greenhouse on your site. It is not recognized as real estate because it does not have a permanent foundation.

Quality seedlings are the key to a successful business

What are these structures made of? Usually use:

Glass 6-8 mm thick.
Polycarbonate.
reinforced film.
Polyethylene.
Polypropylene.

Read also: Garlic business: care and cultivation, how much you can earn

The frame is usually made of metal or wood. Winter greenhouses are additionally well strengthened on the ground and calculated in such a way that they can withstand a layer of snow and ice.

In the late spring - summer period, heating for the greenhouse is actually not needed - it warms up well due to the sun. But year-round greenhouses are usually heated with hot air or heaters that emit infrared radiation. For irrigation, it is most advisable to use drip irrigation technology (it can also be used for fertilization).

What exactly to grow

So, you have decided to enter the greenhouse business: what is profitable to grow and what is the most profitable to do? We list the main options:

Various decorative flowers for cutting and seedlings.
All kinds of greens.
Classic vegetables (cucumbers, tomatoes, zucchini).
Strawberries, strawberries and other berries.

We recommend that you do one thing, and not be scattered in several directions at once. It would be more correct to first master one direction, and only then take on the next, understanding the ways of its development and promotion. You should also take into account local characteristics and the level of competition, so as not to end up with unsold goods.

Flowers

Flowers in greenhouses are considered the most promising option - they bring maximum profit and pay off very quickly. But caring for flowers is quite complicated, and the competition in the market is great. Think about what will be bought in your area and what you can sell in large quantities. There are the following gardening options:

Cut flowers for bouquets.
Fresh flowers (houseplants).
Seedlings and roots.

Slice trading is seasonal and poorly predictable, but it brings very good profits. Usually the peak of the cutting season is in the spring - February 14, February 23, March 8. During these holidays, it is quite possible to recoup all costs, if everything is properly organized.

Fresh flowers are in fairly even demand - they are bought in spring, autumn, winter, and summer. But their sales volumes are much less than those of the cut.

Flowers are a great option for growing in a greenhouse.

Seedlings and roots are usually purchased in the fall and spring, but are easy to grow and store. Investments in this type of business are minimal, and the return is quite tangible.

How exactly to trade flowers? This is where large volumes are important. Therefore, at first it is best to work with wholesalers who buy large quantities of goods at low prices. Then, when you already understand the market, you can open your own store, or even a whole network, while continuing to hand over the surplus.

Greenery

Despite the seeming cheapness of greenery, it is very profitable to engage in it. This is generally an ideal option for beginners, since the greens grow quickly, do not require large investments and special care. The most popular greens are:

Green onion.
Wheatgrass.
Parsley.
Dill.
Basil.

People buy these products year-round, even in summer, when they can be grown in the garden. This greenery can be bred even in racks, placing it in 3-4 tiers. The average yield varies by the following indicator - up to 1.5 kg is cut from 1 square meter of surface. quality greens for 1 harvest. In a year in a quality greenhouse, you can grow 10 crops, that is, 1 m2 will bring you 15 kg of greenery per year.

Note: in one greenhouse you can grow various greens - they combine well with each other and grow quickly. A large assortment of greens will allow you to sell more according to the Paretto principle.

Vegetables

The third most profitable option for earning money in the greenhouse economy is the cultivation of various vegetables. What is the most profitable thing to do? In the middle lane, Beijing cabbage, cucumbers and radishes are usually grown. In more southern regions, tomatoes grow well. The classic cultivation of cucumbers in a greenhouse as a business brings very good income to the farmer. The natural season for cucumbers is very short - in the gardens they ripen in July, and in August they already depart. But there is always a demand for them, and especially in spring.

Tomatoes can be sold all year round

Ripe cucumbers can be stored for quite a long time, they are convenient to store and transport - this is an excellent commodity for mass trade. Tomatoes usually ripen a little later than cucumbers, and their storage conditions are somewhat more complicated. Tomatoes also require better lighting and heating. But it is very easy to grow radishes and cabbages - they practically do not get sick, do not require special conditions and grow easily even in an unheated greenhouse almost from April to October.

- 1. Seedling
- 2. Vegetables
- 3. Flowers
- 4. Strawberries
- 5. Greens
How much can you earn
Taxation system
Permissions to open

What What What is profitable to grow in a greenhouse? This question is asked by many novice farmers and owners of personal subsidiary plots who wish to succeed in the difficult greenhouse business. However, before talking about the profitability of this or that greenhouse plant, it is worth mentioning the reverse side of the issue - costs. Depending on climatic conditions, the profitability of growing individual crops, and in general greenhouse business, can differ dramatically. At some forums, you can meet people who are eager to start a greenhouse business in Siberia and the northern regions of the Russian Federation. Some enthusiasts even plan to carry out year-round production. In view of their inexperience, they still have no idea how much resources can be spent on maintaining a greenhouse.

The main disadvantage of the greenhouse business

The very first thing that can bring any greenhouse project to a disadvantage is the heating of the greenhouse. Heating a brick house and a polycarbonate greenhouse are not the same thing. For example, heating a house of 50 sq. m. costs 2500 rubles / month in winter, then a thin greenhouse of the same area will take 5 to 10 times more. Even in the southern regions, farmers do not keep greenhouses all year round, but open the season only in February - March. A similar alignment goes with the illumination of the greenhouse. The dim light, like in an apartment, definitely “will not work”. Plants in the cold season need the same light day as they get in the warm season. The light must be bright, and this is a very high cost of electricity. What can I say, even for growing tomatoes on the windowsill needs additional light. Someone may object - "so after all, we will sell the product at a high price, look how much a tomato costs in February." Prices that can be observed in grocery chains should not be a guideline. Wholesale vegetables and herbs are sold almost two times cheaper than the prices indicated on the window. This is because retail has its own costs associated with logistics, markdowns, taxes, salespeople salaries and so on. Do you want to trade without intermediaries, and with a variety of goods? Now this is not a problem at all, you can place your ad on Avito. Find out, how to get a steady income from ads what is better to sell on the Internet and what is the best way to earn money.

How much money do you need to start a successful business for growing vegetables and plants in a greenhouse

Worth considering! If the farmer does not have any experience in growing a particular crop, he will not be able to get the required amount of production and the losses will be enormous.

Of course, this does not mean that year-round cultivation in greenhouses in a temperate climate is impossible. It is quite possible that there are many such farms. But, all such projects cost a lot of money and a small farmer, of course, cannot afford it. Before starting any business, it is advisable to learn how to manage money. Think about your future today. go down money management marathon and learn about the secrets of rich people and where to invest money to get a stable passive income.

When is the best time to start a greenhouse business?

What can be concluded - profitable cultivation in a greenhouse should be started with small volumes and before the opening of the season. The main task of the greenhouse is to harvest a few weeks days before a similar product appears on the market from summer cottages. Prices will still be very attractive, and demand will be high, so you can sell the product without any problems. A small greenhouse, firstly, will not ruin the farmer in case of bad luck. And secondly, it will allow you to evaluate the market and make it clear whether it is worth doing this business or not.

Technology of growing greenhouse plants

So, let's go directly to the disclosure of the main question of our topic - which plants are most profitable to grow in a greenhouse? And here is our TOP 5 best greenhouse ideas.

1. Seedling

Oddly enough, but it is the cultivation of seedlings that is one of the most profitable ideas for a greenhouse. In spring, seedlings are in demand everywhere - they are bought by both owners of summer cottages and adjacent territories, as well as other farms specializing in crop production. There can be a lot of options here. Take, for example, strawberry seedlings. Even in the fall, you can make preparations of frigo seedlings (read more about frigo seedlings in the article " Strawberry business - 4 ways to grow strawberries profitably”), and in the spring, plant these seedlings in a greenhouse and sell them for several months. On one square meter, you can safely place up to several hundred roots. The retail price of one bush, depending on the variety, ranges from 50 to 100 rubles. Sold 10,000 roots - earned from 500 thousand rubles. To be convinced of the real demand for strawberry seedlings, just look at the statistics of Yandex search queries. So, according to the Wordstat data, the phrase “buy strawberry seedlings” is tried to be found about 18,000 times in the month of April alone. Of these, Moscow accounts for just over 4,000 requests. This suggests that the sale of seedlings can be carried out not only through markets and nurseries, but also through the Internet.

The same can be said about seedlings of flowers (petunias), tomatoes, cabbage. Demand is colossal.

2. Vegetables

Cucumbers and tomatoes are the most proven greenhouse crops. Vegetables are bought always and everywhere, regardless of the crisis. A big plus of the same cucumbers is that they are stored for a long time. The harvested crop can be stored for weeks, although a fresh cucumber is sold out very quickly. Especially if it is grown in the same region where it is sold. The yield of greenhouse cucumbers and tomatoes, with proper technology, is 30 - 45 kg per square meter. m. Greenhouse for 300 sq. m. can bring up to 12 tons of vegetables per season. In May 2016, cucumbers in our stores (Ulyanovsk) cost an average of 80 rubles / kg. If for some reason it is not possible to negotiate with vegetable stalls and grocery stores, then you can sell the goods without any problems on your own. If the farm has a roomy car, then you can simply stand on the road with good car traffic, hang a sign “vegetables from household plots”, indicate a price tag slightly lower than store prices, and there will be no end to customers. You can distribute business cards to each buyer and soon you will be selling products directly from your greenhouse area.

3. Flowers

A slightly more complex and rather southern version of the greenhouse business is the idea of growing a flower cut. The primary task in this case is to get the main harvest by March, and then May holidays. How much can you earn here. So, modern technologies for growing roses allow you to get up to 250 cuts per year from one bush. Up to 4 bushes can freely grow on one square meter. That is, from 1 sq. m. 1000 sections are collected per year. Greenhouse 100 sq. m. will grow up to 100 thousand sections! The average wholesale price for one cut of a rose is 40 rubles. By not a cunning calculation, we get a yearly revenue of 4 million rubles. This is a lot of money, and even with the high costs of maintaining a greenhouse, the profit remains high. There are, however, several serious "pitfalls" that hinder the widespread development of this business. Firstly, flowers, and even more so roses, are very capricious and require special care. Small deviations from the norm - the flowers are frail and not marketable. Secondly, the cost of creating greenhouse conditions for growing flowers is somewhat higher than in the case of vegetables. Finally, thirdly - sales! Flowers today are grown by more and more farmers, in addition, the lion's share of the goods comes from abroad. The competition is extremely high and not everyone manages to survive in it.

4. Strawberries

In more southern regions (Krasnodar Territory, Kuban), growing strawberries in a greenhouse is quite common. Today there are several effective technologies for growing strawberries in greenhouses: Dutch and Israeli technology, vertical beds (trucars), growing of frigo seedlings, hydroponics. For some of them, it is possible to achieve a yield of 30 tons per hectare. In the south, fresh strawberries can be seen on the shelves as early as May. But in the central and Volga regions, finding early strawberries of local production is not an easy task. This happens due to the fact that the berry has an extremely short shelf life (only 2 days) - it simply does not reach the solvent buyers of the northern regions. And the one that arrives, as a rule, is prohibitively expensive and does not really look like a berry. On May 25, I decided to “monitor” the prices for strawberries in our city (Volga region) and somehow found a berry for sale, which, surprisingly, was delivered from Uzbekistan. Price - 350 rubles / kg! And surprisingly, people took it. What can be concluded - at such prices, growing strawberries in a greenhouse, even in a temperate climate, looks like a very promising idea. You can start small - with a greenhouse of 50-100 square meters. m. Even using primitive technology with the use of drip irrigation and agrofibre, you can get a good harvest 10-12 days earlier than a country berry. And that will be enough to sell strawberries at a high price. Even 200 r. per kilogram will allow you to get a plus. When will people see an imported berry for 350 r. and local for 200 rubles. their choice will be obvious.

5. Greens

It could be a profitable business greenery cultivation in a greenhouse. First of all, these are: onions on a feather, salads, parsley, dill, cilantro, basil and sage. A big plus of greenery is that, unlike other greenhouse crops, the period from sowing to harvest is the shortest. So, onions for feathers, spinach and parsley can be obtained within 30 - 35 days after sowing. The yield with hydroponics technology can be up to 6 kg per 1 sq. m. And the price per kilogram, as you know, comes in the spring to 200 rubles. per kg. In just three to four months, you can harvest up to three crops. Another plus of growing greens is the cost of planting material. They are, in fact, "penny", in contrast to the same strawberries or flowers. The only difficulty that will certainly await any entrepreneur is the sale of products. It will not be possible to get into retail chains, the volumes are not the same, and the entry price may not be profitable. Many farmers find a way out by selling greenery to catering establishments: cafes, restaurants and canteens. Such organizations are always happy to cooperate, because in their activities they are constantly faced with the problem of supplying ingredients.

How much can you earn

In this type of business, it is difficult to calculate income, since some individual entrepreneurs already have greenhouses, while others will invest in their construction, and income also depends on the size of the greenhouse. An example business plan would look like this: To grow seedlings you need:

Greenhouse (film or made of polycarbonate), with an area of 18 sq.m. If you grow seedlings in two level boxes, then the usable area is doubled and is 36 sq.m. On such an area, 7,500 cups of seedlings are obtained. The cost of one cup of seedlings leaves from 8 to 15 rubles, depending on the region. Thus, 7,500 glasses of at least 8 rubles each will bring an income of 60,000 rubles.
Purchase of varietal seeds, bulbs, with a germination rate of up to 80%. The cost of one seed is approximately 12 kopecks per piece. For growing 7 500 pcs. seedlings need to be purchased 9,000 pcs. seeds, 1,080 rubles will be spent on this.
Acquisition of soil, for cups, approximately 10 cubic meters. will be 8,000 rubles.
The cost of 1 cup is 1.8 rubles, in total you will need 13,500 rubles.
The arrangement of heating the greenhouse during the period of seedling growth will cost 2,000 rubles.

Total expenses will be: 1,080 + 8,000 + 13,500 + 2,000 = 24,580 rubles. Net profit will amount to 35,420 rubles. (Read more in the article " Greenhouse business plan”) Which OKVED to indicate in order to register OKVED 2 Section A: agriculture, forestry, fisheries and fish farming. OKVED 2 01 Crop and livestock breeding, hunting and the provision of related services in these areas. OKVED 2 01.3 Growing seedlings OKVED 2 01.30 Growing seedlings

What documents are needed to open

This business will require a package of documents related to agricultural activities and retail. It is necessary to register a business entity: it can be an individual entrepreneur or a collective farm. Prepared documents must be submitted to public authorities or to multifunctional public service centers (MFCs).

Taxation system

This business relates to the production of agricultural products, therefore, a taxation system is applied for agricultural producers, the so-called single agricultural tax. (ESHN). The main condition of this tax is that the proceeds from the sale of these products is at least 70% of the total proceeds, and also that the enterprise must be engaged in the production of agricultural products, and not its sale. ESHN is calculated as follows: CxB, where St is the tax rate, B is the tax base. The tax rate is 6%, and the tax base is calculated from the income received in the reporting period, minus expenses.

Professional business plans on the topic:

Farm business plan (14 sheets) - DOWNLOAD ⬇
Plant nursery business plan (25 sheets) - DOWNLOAD ⬇
Business plan for growing potatoes (15 sheets) - DOWNLOAD ⬇

Permissions to open

For this type of activity, the seller of seedlings must issue a sanitary phyto-certification. You can get it from the health department. It is also necessary to register an enterprise with state authorities, register with the tax office as an agricultural producer, purchase land or conclude a lease agreement. In fact, there are many more ways to get rich. The author of this blog writes in great detail about these methods in article about ways to invest and start a business.